Chronotype, Sleep Quality, and Academic Achievement of a University Students in Indonesia During Remote Learning

Abstract

Background: Chronotype, defined as an individual's biological preference for activity timing, has been shown to influence cognitive performance and engagement. Sleep quality, a critical determinant of mental and physical health, is likewise linked to academic outcomes. Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between chronotype, sleep quality, and academic achievement among undergraduate students at university in Indonesia. Methods: Data were collected from 245 students from non-Jabodetabek regions using validated instruments: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Grade Point Average (GPA) served as the measure of academic performance. Results: Results revealed that 80.8% of students experienced poor sleep quality, with 63.7% classified as intermediate chronotypes. Despite these challenges, 68.6% of students achieved good academic performance. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between chronotype and sleep quality (p = 0.047), but no significant relationship between chronotype and academic achievement (p = 0.469) or between sleep quality and academic achievement (p = 0.593). These findings align with recent literature suggesting that while chronotype and sleep quality influence well-being, their direct impact on academic performance may be moderated by other factors such as motivation, learning strategies, and institutional support. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of integrating chronobiological considerations into academic scheduling and student support services to enhance educational outcomes.