Nurses’ Experiences in Optimizing Sleep Quality Among Critically Ill Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs), affecting approximately 47% of patients and increasing to 66.7% among those receiving mechanical ventilation. Poor sleep quality is associated with adverse outcomes, highlighting the critical role of nurses in promoting restorative sleep during ICU care. Objective: This study aimed to explore nurses’ experiences in optimizing sleep quality among critically ill patients in the ICU. Methods: A qualitative single-case study design was employed. Data were collected through a one-time, in-depth semi-structured interview with an ICU nurse who had 20 years of clinical experience, held a bachelor’s degree in nursing, and had completed certified ICU training. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key themes related to sleep optimization practices. Results: Two major themes emerged: (1) factors influencing sleep quality among critically ill patients and (2) nursing interventions to address sleep disturbances. Sleep quality was influenced by patient-related conditions, the absence of family companionship, and nurses’ competencies, including cognitive knowledge, psychomotor skills, and motivation. Nursing interventions included environmental modifications to reduce noise and enhance comfort, as well as patient and family education. Conclusions: Optimizing sleep quality in critically ill patients requires comprehensive nursing strategies that address both internal and external factors. Strengthening nurses’ competencies and implementing targeted sleep-promoting interventions may improve sleep quality in ICU settings.